Frontend Engineering

All Articles (17 articles)

• Micro-Frontends Architecture: Composition, Isolation, and Delivery

  Frontend Engineering / Frontend Architecture & Patterns 17 min read

  Learn how to scale frontend development with microfrontends, enabling team autonomy, independent deployments, and domain-driven boundaries for large-scale applications.

• Frontend Data Fetching Patterns and Caching

  Frontend Engineering / Frontend Architecture & Patterns 17 min read

  Patterns for fetching, caching, and synchronizing server state in frontend applications. Covers request deduplication, cache invalidation strategies, stale-while-revalidate mechanics, and library implementations.

• Component Architecture Blueprint for Scalable UI

  Frontend Engineering / Frontend Architecture & Patterns 31 min read

  Modern frontend applications face a common challenge: as codebases grow, coupling between UI components, business logic, and framework-specific APIs creates maintenance nightmares and testing friction. This architecture addresses these issues through strict layering, dependency injection via React Context, and boundary enforcement via ESLint.

• Web Performance Infrastructure: DNS, CDN, Caching, and Edge

  Frontend Engineering / Web Performance Optimization 19 min read

  Infrastructure optimization addresses the foundation of web performance—the layers between a user’s request and your application’s response. This article covers DNS as a performance lever, HTTP/3 and QUIC for eliminating protocol-level bottlenecks, CDN and edge computing for geographic proximity, compression strategies for payload reduction, and caching patterns that can reduce Time to First Byte (TTFB) by 85-95% while offloading 80%+ of traffic from origin servers.

• JavaScript Performance Optimization for the Web

  Frontend Engineering / Web Performance Optimization 15 min read

  JavaScript execution is the primary source of main-thread blocking in modern web applications. This article covers the browser’s script loading pipeline, task scheduling primitives, code splitting strategies, and Web Workers—with emphasis on design rationale and current API status as of 2025.

• CSS and Typography Performance Optimization

  Frontend Engineering / Web Performance Optimization 15 min read

  Master CSS delivery, critical CSS extraction, containment properties, and font optimization techniques including WOFF2, subsetting, variable fonts, and CLS-free loading strategies for optimal Core Web Vitals.

• Image Performance Optimization for the Web

  Frontend Engineering / Web Performance Optimization 12 min read

  Comprehensive guide to image optimization covering modern formats (AVIF, WebP, JPEG XL), responsive image implementation with srcset and sizes, loading strategies with fetchpriority and decoding attributes, and network-aware delivery. Targets 50-80% bandwidth reduction and significant Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) improvements.

• Core Web Vitals Measurement: Lab vs Field Data

  Frontend Engineering / Web Performance Optimization 17 min read

  How to measure, interpret, and debug Core Web Vitals using lab tools, field data (Real User Monitoring), and the web-vitals library. Covers metric-specific diagnostics for LCP, INP, and CLS with implementation patterns for production RUM pipelines.

• Web Performance Optimization: Overview and Playbook

  Frontend Engineering / Web Performance Optimization 8 min read

  Overview of web performance optimization covering infrastructure, JavaScript, CSS, images, and fonts. Provides quick reference tables and links to detailed articles in the series.

• Design System Implementation and Scaling

  Frontend Engineering / Design Systems 37 min read

  Technical implementation patterns for building, migrating, and operating design systems at enterprise scale. This article assumes governance and strategic alignment are in place (see Design System Adoption: Foundations and Governance) and focuses on the engineering decisions that determine whether a design system thrives or becomes technical debt.

• Component Library Architecture and Governance

  Frontend Engineering / Design Systems 15 min read

  A component library is a product with internal customers. Its success depends on API stability, contribution workflows, and operational rigor. This article covers the architectural decisions and governance models that separate thriving design systems from abandoned experiments.The focus is on React-based systems, though most principles apply across frameworks.

• Design Tokens and Theming Architecture

  Frontend Engineering / Design Systems 13 min read

  Design tokens encode design decisions as platform-agnostic data, enabling consistent UI across web, iOS, and Android from a single source of truth. This article covers the token taxonomy, semantic layering for theming, multi-platform transformation pipelines, and governance strategies that make enterprise design systems maintainable at scale.

• Design System Adoption: Foundations and Governance

  Frontend Engineering / Design Systems 15 min read

  A comprehensive framework for building and scaling design systems from initial conception through enterprise-wide adoption—covering ROI analysis, executive buy-in, team structures, governance models, technical implementation, migration strategies, adoption tooling, and continuous improvement. This guide addresses the organizational, technical, and cultural challenges across the entire design system lifecycle, from proving the business case through measuring long-term impact.

• React Performance Patterns: Rendering, Memoization, and Scheduling

  Frontend Engineering / React Architecture 13 min read

  Patterns for keeping React applications fast as they scale: understanding the render pipeline, applying memoization correctly, leveraging concurrent features, and profiling effectively. Covers React 18+ with notes on React 19 and the React Compiler.

• React Hooks Advanced Patterns: Specialized Hooks and Composition

  Frontend Engineering / React Architecture 14 min read

  Advanced hook APIs, performance patterns, and composition techniques for concurrent React applications. Covers useId, use, useLayoutEffect, useSyncExternalStore, useInsertionEffect, useDeferredValue, and useTransition—hooks that solve specific problems the core hooks cannot.

• React Rendering Architecture: Fiber, SSR, and RSC

  Frontend Engineering / React Architecture 15 min read

  React’s rendering architecture has evolved from a synchronous stack-based reconciler to a sophisticated concurrent system built on Fiber’s virtual call stack. This article examines the Fiber reconciliation engine, lane-based priority scheduling, streaming Server-Side Rendering (SSR), and React Server Components (RSC)—now stable as of React 19 (December 2024). Understanding these internals is essential for making informed architectural decisions about rendering strategies, performance optimization, and infrastructure requirements.

• React Hooks Fundamentals: Rules, Core Hooks, and Custom Hooks

  Frontend Engineering / React Architecture 15 min read

  React Hooks enable functional components to manage state and side effects. Introduced in React 16.8 (February 2019), hooks replaced class components as the recommended approach for most use cases. This article covers the architectural principles, core hooks, and patterns for building production applications.